Apparatus for transforming alternating currents into continuous currents, and vice versa.



no. 655,237. Paiented Aug. 7,1900.

M. HUTIN & m. LEBLANG.

APPARATUS FOR TBANSFORIAING ALTERNATING CURRENTS lNTO CONTINUOUS OUBRENTS,AND VICE VEBSA.

(Application filed Apr. 28, 1899.) (No Model.)

m 4 Shasta-Sheet No. 655,237. Patented Aug. 7, I900. M. HUTIN &. M. LEBLANC.

APPARATUS FOR TBANSFORMING ALTEBNATING GURBENTS INTO CONTINUOUS CUBRENTS,AND VICE VERSA.

(Applicatidn filed Apr. 28, 1899.)

(No Model.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 2 THE holims PETERS co. Pumrxumc.v lAsumm'ou. ay :2.

No. 655,237. Patented Aug. -7, I900.

M. HUTIN 8:. M. LEBLANC.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMING ALTERNATING GUBBENTS INTO CONTINUOUS CURRENTSJUID VICE VEBSA.

(Application filed Apr. 28, 1899.) Y (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheat 3 ."m: Noams PETERS (20., FH OTO-LITHD-y WASNINGTON, u. c.

Patented Aug. 7, I900.

M. HUTIN 8|. M. LEBLANC. APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMING ALTERNATING CUBRENTS INTO CONTINUOUS CURRENTS,AND VICE VEBSA.

(Application filed Apr. 28, 1899.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets8heet 4 \Irl l IIIIITIlIllIv Ill! ll IITI'ITI |l||l l I ll.

aga'Zmaaaea UNITED STATES PATE T- OFFICE.

MAURICE HUTIN AND MAURICE LEBLANO, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMING ALTERNATING CURRENTS INTO CONTINUOUS CURRENTS, AND VICE VERSA.

$PECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 655,237, dated August '7, 1900.

Application filed April 28, 1899. Serial No. 714,835. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, MAURICE HUTIN and MAURICE LEBLANO, citizens of the Republic of France, and residents of Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Transforming Alternating Currents into Continuous Currents, and Vice Versa, of which the following is a specification.

In Letters Patent of the United States granted to us December 1, 1896, under N0. 572,510,-we have described a means for transforming alternating currents into continuous currents, and vice versa. When the alternating currents are monophase, the currents which we derive therefrom are unidirectional in character, but undulating or varying in intensity. \Vhen, howeverythe alternating currents are biphase or polyphase, the currents obtained therefrom are not only unidirectional, but also constant in quantity. It is therefore proposed in said patent, when monophase alternating currents are to be transformed into continuous currents, that a condenser or other means be employed in order to break up the monophase currents into a biphase or polyphase current.

A principal object of the present invention is to transform a monophase alternating current into a unidirectional continuous current of uniform intensity without the necessity of using condensers or the like.

Let us now consider the case in which biphase currents are to be transformed into continuous currents in accordance with the means described in our prior patent. We may say that such means as there described consist, essentially, of two magnetic cores, one of which carries a primary coil subjected to the action of one of the biphase currents and the other of which carries a primary coil subjected to the action of the other of the biphase currents. Each of these magnetic cores also carries a sectional secondary winding, the number of turns of the sections of which vary according to a sinusoidal law. These sections are connected to each other and to the plates of a commutator. Under such circumstances a continuous current is supplied by brushes bearing on the commutator.

Now it is the object of our present invention to convert a monophase alternating current into a continuous current by an arrangement somewhat similar to that just outlined; but instead of having a primary coil on each magnetic core we employ one primary coil in the line of the monophase circuit on one mag netic core, and we use, instead of the other primary coil on the second magnetic core, a moving inductor taking its electrical energy from the secondary or continuous current side of the apparatus,which moving inductor we arrange to have all the effects of a primary coilthat is to say, this inductor is so arranged that it develops at each instant a number of ampere-turns equal in amount but of opposite sign with the algebraic sum of the number of ampere-turns developed in the secondary circuit, and it furthermore develops at each instant a number of ampere-turns capable of engendering the necessary inductor flux in the core. It will be seen, therefore, that a cardinal feature of our invention lies in substituting,in an alternating continuous-current transformer, for the primary coil thereof, amoving inductor which conveys to the core all of the energy which it requires, being both that represented by the secondary currents and that represented by the magnetic excitation of the core, and these in the proper time relation. Looking at this in another way, it is clear when we transform an alternating current, which varies in magnitude from time to time,into acontinuous current, which is constant in magnitude, that it is necessary to store up energy in some part of .the system when the alternating current is above the average in intensity and to give up such energy at the time when the alternating current is below the average in intensity. With the present invention such stored energy is represented by the kinetic energy of motion of the moving inductor.

In the drawings, Figure 1 shows a diagram of the circuit arrangements of our prior patent. Fig. 2 shows a diagram of our moving inductor and the secondary winding of the core on which it acts. Fig. 3 shows a more complete cross-sectional view of the inductor. Fig. 4 shows an end elevation of an actual construction adopted for the inductor and the core on which it acts. Fig. 5 shows an end elevation of the same, and Fig. 6 shows a diagram of the circuit connections as contemplated by our present invention.

It will be advisable to describe in outline the means for transforming a biphase alternating current into a continuous current, as contemplated by our prior patent and as in dicated in Fig. 1. Around two magnetic cores A B A B we dispose two identical primary circuits P P, one of which is branched be tween the conductors of the currents of one phase and the other of which is branched between the conductors of the current of the other phase. The secondary circuits around the two magnetic cores are arranged in section, as indicated by the zigzag lines of Fig. 1. There are 2 n such sections, one half on one core and the other half on the other core. The number of turns in each of the sections varies according to a sinusoidal law which is indicated in the following table, where '0 is a constant representing a number of turns. Such windings may therefore be called sinusoidal windings. Where the table indicates a positive value, it means that the turns corresponding to that value are wound in one direction. There the table indicates a negative value, it means that the turns corresponding to that value are wound. in the opthe sections of the secondary circuits among themselves and to the plates of the com mutator is indicated with clearness in Fig. 1.

It the two brushes F F press simultaneously upon the contacts of the collector of order p and p a, one sees immediately that the circuit which connects these two brushes in surrounding the cores AB and A 13 car ries a number N, of turns around the core A B and a number N of turns around the core A B, such that N 1; [sing] Z-l-sin. (19+ 1) ..sin. (p-l-n 1) from which 7f 7/.' 71' N o [cosp I} l cos. (p 1) .cos. (1) n 1) 3d,

Let us suppose that the brushes make a turns per second around the collector. The number 1) will then increase regularly by 2 a W. per second. One may put 1) 2 ant and the expression for the number of turns N and N becomes or, more simply, by changing the origin of time,

cos. 2

7r sin. 2

sin. 14',

are

If the magnetic cores A B and A B then the seat of flux variations as all the turns surrounding the core A B are the seat of electromotive force 71, 2 71. cos. 2 z a t, and all the turns surrounding the core A B are the seat of eleotromotive force h 71,, sin. 2 7r zrt,the total electromotive .force developed between the brushes will be N 71,-l-N 762:

A main object of our present'inventio'n is, as was above pointed out, to transform monophase current into continuous currents without the necessity of first splitting it up into a biphase current. In other Words, our present invention, while under one aspect still using two magnetic cores, such as A B and A B, and a primary coil P on one of these cores, dispenses with the primary coil P on the other core and puts in its place a moving inductor which is intended to perform all of the offices of the primary coil P, but which, instead of being electrically energized from the alternating-current side of the line, receives its electrical energy from the constantcurrent side of the line.

If we examine Fig. 6, which shows a diagram of our present invention, we find one core A B, on which there is a primary coil P, which receives current from the line Z Z. This line Z Z is supposed to carry a monophase alternating current. Upon the core A B are wound a number of sections of a secondary circuit N. The number of turns of these sections, of which six are shown, vary according to the sinusoidal law given in the above table. This is indicated by the varying sizes of the rectangles which show the secondary sections. Upon the core A B are wound a corresponding number of sections of a secondary circuit N, the number of turns of each of which also vary according to a sinusoidal law. The sections of the secondary circuits are connected between themselves, as indicated, and they are also connected to brushes which bear on the rings 0, 0 to c as shown. It is also to be understood that the ring 0 is connected by a'wire (not shown) to one plate of the commutator G, that the ring 0 is connected by a wire (not shown) to the next plate of the commutator G, and so on, the plate 0 being connected by a wire (not shown) to the remaining plate of the commutator G'.

It will be noticed that the core A B carries no primary winding, such as is carried by the core A B In its place we use a moving inductor I, which carries two coils, the planes of which are at right'angles to each other. The coil J is of coarse wire and is connected in a series circuit with the line L L, the current passing from the lead L through the coil J, back through the brush F to the brush F and thence to thelead L. On the other hand, it will be seen that the coilj is connected in shunt of the brushes F F by means of the conductorsj j. Finally, we notice that the pole-pieces p p carry coils which are in series with each other and which are in parallel with the line Z Z, carrying the monophase current. These pole-piecesp, carrying an alternating current, act upon the inductor I, the coils of which carry a continuous current after the fashion of a monophase synchronous motor, and turn the inductor I with a velocity which is proportional to the speed of synchronism.

In reading the diagram of Fig. 6 it is to be understood that the shaft 0 0 carries the ring 0 0 &c., the commutator G, and the inductor I.

The system which we have just described and which is shown in Fig. 6 is in all essential respects, except one, like the system of Fig. 1. This, as is sufficiently indicated above and as was fully demonstrated in our prior patent, acts to transform a biphase current into a continuous current. The one difference between the system of .Fig. 6 and the system of Fig. 1 lies in the substitution of the moving inductor I for the primary coil P. We now propose to show that the moving inductor I acts in all respects like the primary coil P. It will follow, therefore, that the system of Fig. 6 acts like the system of Fig. 1, and'thus transforms an alternating current into a continuous current.

To show that the moving inductorI of Fig. 6 is the counterpart in its operation of the stationary primary coil P of Fig. 1, we have to consider what offices this primary coil P effects. As is well known, the ofiice of such a primary coil of a transformer is of a double character. Such primary coil does two things. It develops, first, at each instant a number of ampere-turns equal in amount but of opposite sign with the algebraic sum of the number of ampere-turns developed in the secondary circuit,and it develops,second,at each instant a number of ampere-turns capable of engendering the necessary inductor-flux in the magnetic core. It is also well known that the variations of these quantities are displaced by a quarter of a period with respect to each other. Put in other words it means that the primary coil of a transformer generates electrical energy corresponding to but of opposite sign with the electrical en ergy in the secondary circuit, which we may designate as the secondary circuit energy, and,furthermore, that it develops the electrical energy necessary to magnetize the core, which we may designate as the magnetization energy, the variations of these two forms of energy being displaced by ninety degrees. The sum total of these energies we may designate as the energy of transformation. If the inductor I performs the two offices above specified, it follows that the problem of our present invention has been solved; but the inductor I carries a coil J, which is in series with the line L L, which line under uniform load is supposed to carry a continuous current. The number of turns of the coil J may manifestly be taken as such that the number of ampere-turns represented by this coil, when it is traversed by the continuous current on the line L L, shall be the maximum number of ampere-turns developed by the secondary circuit around the core A B. The coil J is rotating at the velocity of synchronisin about the axis 0. Its action upon the secondary circuit on the core A B is a given quantity when the coil is in a position, as shown, with its plane at right angles to the axis of the core. As the coil rotates and makes an angle with this plane its effect upon the core and secondary circuit varies from moment to moment in proportion to the cosine of the angle last mentioned. If the number of turns of the coil J be taken to properly represent the maximum number of ampere-turns developed by the secondary circuit around the core A B, it will also represent the proper number of ampere turns from moment to moment as they vary from this maximum, because these vary in the secondary circuit in accordance with the sinusoidal fluctuations or undulations of the secondary current. This shows us then that the coil J on the inductor I performs the principal office (first) of the primary coil P. It remains to show that the coil j on the inductor I performs the other office (second) of furnishing the energy for the inductor-flux in the core A B.

As is well known, the variations of the magnetizing flux and of the current-flow in the secondary circuit are ninety degrees apart. WVe therefore displace the coil j ninety degrees with respect to the coil J. Again, other things being equal, a variation of the mag netic flux causes a corresponding variation of the electromotive force in a secondary coil on which it acts, and vice versa. We there fore mount the coil j in shunt with the brushes F F Since these present a constant difference of electromotive force, it is plain that the action of the coil j when it is at its maximum may be made equal to that required for generating the maximum magnetization of the core A B. It is furthermore evident that since the coil j rotates at the velocity of synchronism its action upon the core A B will vary according to the cosine of an angle which increases in accordance with the speed of synchronism; but this is precisely the law under which the magnetization of the core A B varies. It is thus seen that the coil J performs one of the two offices of the primary coil P and that the coilj performs the other office of the primary coil P, that the actions of these two coils have the proper time relation with reference to each other, and that therefore the inductor I is a perfect substitute for the coil P, which means that the problem of the present invention is solved.

\Ve have before referred to the pole-pieces p, the magnetic axis of which is at right a11- gles to the axis of the core A B. These pole-pieces p carry coils which are in series with each other and which are supplied with alternating currents from the line through the wires 19 12. They act to keep up the retation of the inductor I in front of the core A B. In other words, these pole-pieeesp furnish to the inductorI at each instant a quantity of work equal to that which its rotation communicates to the secondary circuit Under these circumstances the inductor in passing under the pole-pieces p 1) takes from them a certain quantity of work, which it restores a quarter of a period afterward to the secondary circuits of the core A B.

lVhat we have said ftbOX'B sufficiently explains the laws underlying our invention and the principles according to which it operates. Furthermore, the construction which is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 6 is readily adapted for practical work. So far as that portion of the diagram of Fig. 6 is concerned which is represented by the core A B and its appurtenances, we may say that nothing need be added to the construction there outlined in order to make it commercially ellicient'except what is found to be fully and clearly described in our prior patent. lVhen we come to that part of Fig. 6 which is represented by the core A B and its appurtenances, we may say, although the construction shown in Fig. 6 is quite efficient, that we prefer in commercial practice to use the stillmore ellicientconstruction shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

It will be understood, in a word,that the construction which is shown in Figs. 4( and 5 represents a piece of electrical apparatus which may be used when we come to practice the invention of this application instead of that portion of Fig. 6 which is represented by the core AB and the parts directly connected I therewith. The core A B of Figs. 4 and 5, which is closed upon itself, is constructed of laminated sheet-iron, notched as shown at a b c. This core carries bobbins N, N N to N which correspond to the bobbin N of Fig. (3. Now as the electrical connections which are necessaryin our invention are fullyindicated in Fig. 6 it would manifestly only cause confusion to again attempt to show them in Figs. at and 5. \Ve therefore content ourselves with pointing out the corresponding electrical circuits and the mechanical features of the apparatus which enable the electrical circuits to be connected in the proper manner.

It is to be understood that the core N is wound with twelve sections of wire, the number of turns of the several sections having a sinusoidal relation with each other. It is to be understood also that each of the other coils N N the, is also wound with twelve sinusoidal sections corresponding exactly to those of the core N. Now all of the like sec tions of the six coils N N &e., are connected either in series orin parallel to form twelve groups of sections. One sees immediately that the variations of flux of which these different circuits are the seat are all of the same phase, and in consequence if this phase be properly chosen they will be the seat of the same electromotive forces as if they had covered the core A B and had constituted a part of the rectifying-transformer for biphase currents described in our prior patent.

VVe have described each of the cores N N? as wound with twelve sections of wire, the number of turns of which bear a sinusoidal relation to each other. Manifestly any other number of turns would answer. Attention is called to the fact that the diagram of Fig. 6 contemplates a winding having six sections, inwhich case there are but six rings 0 c on the commutator-shaft connected therewith. Since the construction of Fig. 4 contemplates twelve sections to a coil and twelve groups of sections to the core, it follows that there must be twelve collector-rings 0 0 as sufficiently appears in Fig. 5.

By using six coils N, N to N arranged around the core A B, we see that we obtain a corresponding number of poles on the core. The construction of Fig. 4 is therefore a multipolar construction.

In the notches a b, &c., in the core A B we place the windings of a synchronous alternating current machine n, n 71 to it, the windings being arranged in such a manner that the poles developed by them lie between the poles developed by the bobbins N, N to N. The circuits formed by the windings 'n, M, 830., correspond to the circuit surrounding the pole-piece p in Fig. 6. Current is conveyed thereto either from the alternating-current leads of the system or from a special secondary circuit disposed around the core A B. It has not been considered necessary to show the binding-posts for these connections in Fig. 4 or Fig.6.

I11 the interior of the ring form core A B of Fig. 4 we mount a rotatable ring 0 D. In notches along the periphery of this ring we locate a series of copper bolts a a a, situated in a region as near as possible to the airspace. The extremities of these bolts are all connected between themselves by two copper circles situated on each side of the ring 0 D. These bolts, which are of low resistance, thus create a magnetic screen which envelops the inductor of the motor and which insures a synchronous motion. The ring or inductor O D also carries two crossed or displaced windings, the one, B, represented by full lines and the other, S, represented by dotted lines. These two windings are like those of the inductor of a synchronous motor for biphase currents, but the one is built of coarse wire and the other is built of fine wire. The coarse-wire coil, it is plain, corresponds to the coil J of Fig. 6, and the fine-wire coil corresponds to the coil j of Fig. 6. In order to convey current to these rotating windings R S, we employ three rings n v 11 mounted upon the axis 0 0, which rings are connected with the windings S R by wires passing along the axis 0 o. The three brushes which bear upon these three rings are connected to the rotating windings S R, which correspond to the coils J j.

The rings 0, 0 to o of Fig. 5 correspond to those which have like letters and are shown in Fig. 6. These rings are respectively connected to the plates of the commutator D, mounted on the shaft 0 0. The brushes which bear on the rings 0 0 850., on the other hand, are connected to the wires which go to the two sets of sinusoidal windings of the secondary circuits, as is fully indicated in Fig. 6. No good purpose would be subserved by showing these wires in Fig. 5.

It is manifest that instead of having but twelve plates on the commutator E we may employ thirty-six plates, in which case a group of three plates one hundred and twenty degrees apart would be connected to each other and to the corresponding ring 0. Looking at this in another way, we should have twelve consecutive plates on the commutator E connected to the rings 0, 0 to 0 We should then have twelve more consecutive plates on the commutator E respectively connected to these rings 0 0 &c., and we should finally have a third group of twelve plates on this commutator so connected to the rings. ing off continuous currents would in this last case be sixty degrees apart instead of one hundred and eighty degrees apart.

Summarizing what we have said about the construction of Figs. 4 and 5, compared with the diagram of our invention as given in Fig. 6, we see that the core A B of Fig. 5 corresponds to the similarly-lettered core of Fig. 6; that the windings N N 850., of Fig. 5 correspond to the sinusoidal windings N of Fig. 6; that the inductor G D, with its windings S R, of Fig. 4 corresponds to the inductor I, with its coils J j, of Fig. 6; that the rings 0 c of Fig. 5 correspond to those with like letters in Fig. 6; that the wiresj j j f of Fig. 6 for conveying current to the coils J j correspond to wires (not shown) connected with brushes bearing on the rings '0 1; c and that the alternating-current-motor coils p of Fig. 6 correspond to the coils n n 02 &c., on the cores A B of Fig. 4. It will be seen, in a word, that Figs. 4 and 5 show a mechanical construction corresponding to the core A B of Fig. 6 and its appurtenances. The circuit connections are not indicated in Figs. 4 and 5, but are fully shown in Fig. 6. It is also clear that instead of having the commutator in Fig. 6 rotate and the brushes which bear on it stationary we may reverse this arrangement and use a construction in which the brushes rotate and the commutator is fixed.

As the action of apparatuses of the kind described in the present specification is reversible, it follows that we can use the apparatus to transform continuous currents into alternating currents by feeding such continuous currents into the brushesf, whereupon alternating current may be taken from the lead The stationary brushes f for tak- IIO ll. \Vherever, then,we make a claim specifying that alternating currents are to be transformed into continuous currents, it is to be understood that the claim covers the same means when used to transform continuous currents into alternatingcurrents. We have not attempted to draw two claims for the same structure by specifying its use first for performing one of these operations and then for performing the other operation.

The process disclosed herein is claimed in our application, Serial No. 18,403, tiled May 29, 1900.

lVhat we claim is- 1. An apparatus for transforming monophase alternating currents into continuous currents comprising magnetic cores, second ary windings thereon for supplying the continuous-current leads, a primary circuit on one of the cores connected to the alternatingcurrent leads and an inductor, moving with reference to the other core, and arranged to supply the electrical energy of transformation, substantially as described.

2. An apparatus for transforming monophase alternating currents into continuous currents comprising magnetic cores, secondary windings thereon for supplying the con tinuous-current leads, a primary circuit on one of the cores connected to the alternatingcurrent lead and an inductor, moving w h reference to the other core, and arranged to supply the secondary-circuit energy and the magnetization energy in their proper time relation, substantially as described.

3. An apparatus for transforming monophase alternating currents into continuous currents comprising magnetic cores, secondary windings thereon for supplying the continuous-current leads, a primary circuit on one of the cores connected tothe alternatingcurrent lead, and an inductor, moving with reference to the other core, carrying coils displaced with relation to each other and respectively connected in shunt and in series with the continuous-current leads, for supplying the secondary-circuit energy and the magnetization energy in their proper time re lation, substantially as described.

4. An apparatus for transforming monophase alternating currents into continuous currents comprising magnetic cores, sinusoidal secondary windings thereon, a commutator connected with these windings for supplying the continuous-current leads, a primary circuit on one of the cores connected to the alternating-current leads, and an inductor, moving with reference to the other core, and arranged to supply the electrical energy of transformation, substantially as described.

5. An apparatus for transforming monophase alternating currents into continuous currents comprising magnetic cores, sinusoidal secondary windings thereon, a rotatable commutator connected with these windings, stationary brushes bearing on the commutator for supplying the continuous-current leads, a primary circuit on one of the cores connected to the alternating-current leads, and an inductor, moving with reference to the other core, and arranged to supply the electrical energy of transformation, substantially as described.

6. An apparatus for transforming monophase alternating currents into continuous currents comprising magnetic cores, sinusoidal secondary windings thereon, rings and brushes connected with these secondary windings, a rotary commutator having its segments connected with the rings, stationary brushes bearing on the commutator for supplying the continuous-current leads, a primary circuit on one of the cores connected to the alternatingcurrent leads, and an inductor, moving with reference to the other core, and arranged to supply the electrical energy oftransformation, substantially as described.

7. An apparatus for transforming monophase alternating currents into continuous currents comprising magnetic cores, secondary windings thereon for supplying the continuous-current leads, a primary circuit on one of the cores connected to the alternatingcurrent leads, an inductor, moving with reference to the other core, carrying a coil connected with the continuous-eurrent lead, for supplying a part of the energy of transformation and a pole-piece, energized by the alternating current, for rotating the inductor, substantially as described.

8. An apparatus for transforming monophase alternating currents into continuous current comprising magnetic cores, second ary windings thereon for supplying the continuous-current leads, a primary circuit on one of the cores connected to the alternatingcurrent leads, a movable induct-or arranged to supply the electrical energy of transformation and a pole-piece, energized by the alternating current, for moving the inductor with reference to the other core, substantially as described.

9. In an apparatus for transforming alternating into continuous currents, a magnetic core carrying sinusoidal secondary windings and an inductor, movable with relation to the core, and carrying a windingenergizedby the continuous current, wound to supply part of the energy of transformation, substantially as described.

10. In an apparatus for transforming alternating into continuous currents, a magnetic core carrying sinusoidal secondary windings and an inductor, movable with relation to the core, and carrying a winding in series with the continuous-current side of the apparatus, wound to supply the secondary-circuit energy of the transformation, substantially as described.

11. In an apparatus fortransforming alternating into continuous currents, a magnetic core carrying sinusoidal secondary windings,

and an inductor, movable with relation to the core, and carrying a winding in shunt with the continuous-current side of the apparatus wound to supply the magnetization energy for the core, substantially as described.

12. In an apparatus for transforming alternating into continuous currents, a magnetic core carrying secondary windings, and an inductor, movable with relation to the core, and carrying a winding in series with, and a winding displaced therefrom in shunt with the continuous-current side of the apparatus for supplying respectively the secondary-circuit energy and the magnetization energy of' the transformation, in their proper time relation, substantially as described.

13. In an apparatus for transforming alternating into continuous currents, a magnetic core carrying secondary windings, an inductor, movable with relation to the core, and carrying a winding connected with the continuous-current side of the apparatus wound to supply part of the energy of the transformation, and a pole-piece, energized by the alternating current, for synchronously rotating the inductor, substantially as described.

14. In an apparatus for transforming alternating into continuous currents, a magnetic core carrying secondary windings, an inductor, movable with relation to the core, and carrying displaced windings respectively connected in series and in shunt with the con-- tinuous-current side of the apparatus for supplying energy of transformation, and a polepiece, energized by the alternating current, for synchronously rotating the inductor, substantially as described.

15. In an apparatus for transforming monophase alternating currents into continuous currents, a magnetic core carrying secondary windings, an inductor, movable with relation to the core, and carrying windings displaced by an amount corresponding to a quarter of a period, said windings being respectively connected in series and in shunt with the continuous-current side of the apparatus for supplying the energy of transformation, and a pole-piece, energized by the alternating current, for synchronously rotating the inductor, substantially as described.

16. In an apparatus for transforming alternating currents into continuous currents, a closed magnetic core carrying groups of sinusoidal windings to constitute a multipolar field and a ring-form inductor, rotating therewithin having displaced windings to cooperate with the field, which are connected in shunt and in series with the continuous side of the apparatus for supplying the energy of transformation, substantially as described.

17. In an apparatus for transforming alternating currents into continuous currents, a closed magnetic core carrying groups of sinusoidal windings to constitute a multipolar field, motor-windings energized by the alter nating currents arranged to generate poles between those just mentioned, and a ringform inductor rotating within the closed core having two displaced windings wound to produce'a corresponding number of poles and connected respectively in shunt and in series with the continuous-current side of the apparatus, for supplying the energy of transformation, substantially as described.

18. In an apparatus for transforming alternating currents into continuous currents, a closed magnetic core carrying groups of sinusoidal windings to constitute a multipolar field, motor-windings energized by the alternatin g current arranged to generate poles be tween those just mentioned, a ring-form inductor rotating within the closed core having two displaced windings wound to produce a corresponding number of poles and connected respectively in shunt and in series with the continuous-current side of the apparatus, rings connected with these windings and brushes bearing thereon for supplying currents thereto, substantially as described. 

